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Genetically modified mosquitoes have been released for the first time in the United States as part of an experiment to combat insect-borne diseases such as Dengue fever, yellow fever, and the Zika virus.
UK-based biotechnology firm Oxitec, which is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, said it released the mosquitoes in six locations in Monroe County’s Florida Keys: two on Cudjoe Key, one on Ramrod Key, and three on Vaca Key. It’s part of an effort to help tackle a disease-transmitting invasive mosquito population—the Aedes aegypti mosquito species—that’s responsible for “virtually all mosquito-borne diseases transmitted to humans,” according to the company.
These mosquitoes make up about 4 percent of the mosquito population in the Keys, and transmit dengue, Zika, yellow fever, and other human diseases, as well as heartworm and other potentially deadly diseases to pets and other animals.
The experiment is in collaboration with the Florida Keys Mosquito Control District (FKMCD), and was approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS), the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and an independent advisory board.
Over the next 12 weeks, fewer than 12,000 mosquitoes are expected to emerge each week, for approximately 12 weeks. Untreated comparison sites will be monitored with mosquito traps on Key Colony Beach, Little Torch Key, and Summerland Key. If successful, some 20 million additional genetically modified mosquitoes will be released later in the year.
“We really started looking at this about a decade ago, because we were in the middle of a dengue fever outbreak here in the Florida Keys,” FKMCD Executive Director Andrea Leal said during a video news conference. “So we’re just very excited to move forward with this partnership, working both with Oxitec and members of the community.”
The insects released by the biotechnology firm are all male, so they don’t bite. They’re expected to mate with the local biting female mosquitoes, and in doing so, they will pass on a lethal gene that will ensure their female offspring die before reaching maturity.
According to Quartz, areas including Malaysia, Brazil, the Cayman Islands, and Panama, where similar experiments have been carried out, have seen mosquito populations drop by as much as 90 percent.
The project has faced backlash from residents, who say their consent was not sought for the experiment.
Israel's national police chief announced Saturday that he was beefing up forces in Jerusalem ahead of expected disturbances in the coming days following a night of clashes between Palestinians and Israeli police in the holy city.
Palestinian medics said more than 200 Palestinians were wounded in the Friday night violence at the Al-Aqsa mosque compound and elsewhere in Jerusalem. The fighting drew condemnations from Israel's Arab allies and calls for calm from the United States and Europe.
Israel is seeing some of the heaviest unrest in Jerusalem in several years, with near-nightly clashes between Israeli police and Palestinian protesters throughout the current Muslim holy month of Ramadan.
The protests broke out at the beginning of Ramadan three weeks ago when Israel restricted gatherings at a popular meeting spot outside Jerusalem's Old City. Israel removed the restrictions, briefly calming the situation, but protests have reignited in recent days over the threatened eviction of dozens of Palestinians from their homes in east Jerusalem, which both sides claim in their decades-old conflict.
Other recent developments, including the cancellation of Palestinian elections; deadly violence in which a Palestinian teenager, two Palestinian gunmen and a young Israeli man were killed in separate incidents in the West Bank; and the election to Israel's parliament of a far-right Jewish nationalist party, contributed to the unrest.
It was unclear what set off the violence at Al-Aqsa, which erupted when Israeli police in riot gear deployed in large numbers as thousands of Muslim worshippers were holding evening prayers at the sprawling hilltop esplanade.
Rocks, rubber bullets, stun grenades
Throughout the night, large groups of protesters could be seen hurling rocks as Israeli police fired rubber bullets and stun grenades. At one point, the police entered one of the buildings in the complex, which includes the Al-Aqsa mosque and the iconic golden Dome of the Rock.
FILE - Israeli police use a water cannon to disperse Palestinian protesters from the area near the Damascus Gate to the Old City of Jerusalem after clashes at the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound, May 7, 2021.
The Palestinian Red Crescent emergency service said 88 of the wounded were hospitalized. The Palestinian Health Ministry said 83 people were wounded by rubber-coated bullets, including three with eye wounds, two with serious head injuries and two with broken jaws.
The Israeli police said protesters hurled stones, fireworks and other objects at them, wounding 17 officers, half of whom were hospitalized.
The Al-Aqsa mosque compound is the third-holiest site in Islam. It is also the holiest site for Jews, who refer to it as the Temple Mount because it was the location of the biblical temples. It has long been a flashpoint in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and was the epicenter of the 2000 Palestinian intifada, or uprising.
Saturday night is "Laylat al-Qadr" or the "Night of Destiny," the most sacred during Ramadan. Thousands of worshippers were expected to gather for intense nighttime prayers at Al-Aqsa.
'Act responsibly'
Israeli Police Commissioner Yaakov Shabtai said he had ordered reinforcements ahead of Laylat al-Qadr, saying "the right to demonstrate will be respected but public disturbances will be met with force and zero tolerance. I call on everyone to act responsibly and with restraint."
Police stopped more than a dozen buses that were filled with Arab citizens on the main highway heading to Jerusalem for Ramadan prayers. Israel's public broadcaster Kan said police stopped the buses for a security check, prompting travelers to exit the vehicles, block traffic and pray in the highway in protest. The road was reopened several hours later.
FILE - Worshippers protest against the likely evictions of Palestinians from their homes, after the last Friday prayers of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan at the Al-Aqsa mosque compound in the Old City of Jerusalem, May 7, 2021.
In recent days, protests have grown over Israel's threatened eviction in Sheikh Jarrah in east Jerusalem of dozens of Palestinians embroiled in a long legal battle with Israeli settlers trying to acquire property in the neighborhood.
The United States said it was "deeply concerned" about both the violence and the threatened evictions and was in contact with leaders on both sides to try to de-escalate tensions.
"It is critical to avoid steps that exacerbate tensions or take us farther away from peace," the U.S. State Department said. "This includes evictions in East Jerusalem, settlement activity, home demolitions and acts of terrorism."
The European Union also urged calm and expressed concern about the potential evictions, saying they are "illegal under international humanitarian law and only serve to fuel tensions on the ground.
Egypt, Jordan, Bahrain critical
Egypt and Jordan, which made peace with Israel decades ago, condemned its actions, as did the Gulf kingdom of Bahrain, which was one of four Arab countries that signed U.S.-brokered normalization agreements with Israel last year.
Israelis and Palestinians are bracing for more unrest in the coming days.
Sunday night is the start of Jerusalem Day, a national holiday in which Israel celebrates its annexation of east Jerusalem and religious nationalists hold parades and other celebrations in the city. On Monday, an Israeli court is expected to issue a verdict on the evictions.
Israel captured east Jerusalem, along with the West Bank and Gaza — territories the Palestinians want for their future state — in the 1967 Mideast war. Israel annexed east Jerusalem in a move not recognized internationally and views the entire city as its capital.
The Palestinians view east Jerusalem — which includes major holy sites for Jews, Christians and Muslims — as their capital, and its fate is one of the most sensitive issues in the conflict.
Hamas, which rules the Gaza Strip and opposes Israel's existence, has called for a new intifada.
Protest groups affiliated with Hamas said they would resume demonstrations and the launching of incendiary balloons along the heavily guarded Gaza frontier. Israeli media said the army sent additional troops to the area in response. Hamas has largely curtailed such actions over the past two years as part of an informal cease-fire that now appears to be fraying.
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Police say several officers were wounded when Palestinians hurled stones at the forces; earlier, busses of Israeli Arabs were stopped by police on the way to protest in Jerusalem; Hamas calls for solidarity protests on Gaza border
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