STUDY: Masks make no significant difference | Is the so called "Covid-19" a bio-info weapon developed by the New Abwehr on the basis of their WW2 and post-WW2 Nazi human research?! - M.N. - 7:44 AM 11/20/2020
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STUDY: Masks make no significant difference | Is the so called “Covid-19” a bio-info weapon? - video
STUDY: Masks make no significant difference | Is the so called "Covid-19" a bio-info weapon developed by the New Abwehr on the basis of their WW2 and post-WW2 Nazi human research?! - M.N. - 7:44 AM 11/20/2020
The News And TimesIs the so called "Covid-19" a bio-info weapon developed by the New Abwehr on the basis of their WW2 and post-WW2 Nazi human research, including the Hantavirus, to commemorate (with the World conveniently muzzled up in masks enforced silence) the 75-th anniversary of the WW2 end, and now - the "victors revenge", the Nuremberg trials?! - M.N. - In my Opinion | Hypotheses | Tweets by @mikenov
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STUDY: Masks make no significant difference | Is the so called “Covid-19” a bio-info weapon? -
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11:07 AM 11/21/2020 – Current News Review
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Saved Stories – None: 9:16 AM 11/21/2020 Headlines Review: Robert de Niro says Rudy Giuliani is representing a mob family Fox News
Trump Hails Vaccine Progress in First Remarks Since Projected Election Defeat – Voice of America
Jared Kushner and Ivanka Trump pulled kids from school after parents complained they werent following virus protocols Yahoo News
Pandemic triggers systemic economic crisis, unprecedented since Great Depression – Putin – TASS
Last moments of wanted NYC gunman’s life: Body camera footage captures more than 60 shots by …
skynews’s YouTube Videos: COVID-19: Saudi Foreign Minister says ‘beating coronavirus needs global coordination’
AlJazeeraEnglish’s YouTube Videos: Saudi Arabia reaps the wrong kind of PR as G20 host
Headlines Video: Robert de Niro says Rudy Giuliani is representing a mob family
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AlJazeeraEnglish’s YouTube Videos: Twenty-three rockets hit Afghan capital Kabul, 8 civilians killed
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News and Music: 11.21.20 Audio Review: Robert de Niro says Rudy Giuliani is representing a mob family Fox News
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NYT > World > Europe: Remains of Two Killed in Vesuvius Eruption Are Discovered at Pompeii
Newshour: Deadly rocket attack on Kabul
Ben Carson was ‘desperately sick’ with COVID, is now ‘out of the woods’ – Fox News
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Report: Jared Kushner and Ivanka Trump pulled kids from school after parents complained they weren’t following virus protocols – Yahoo News
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9:16 AM 11/21/2020 – Headlines Video: Robert de Niro says Rudy Giuliani is representing a mob family
Selected Articles – newsandtimes.org – 9:08 AM 11/21/2020
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Lets count the ways Donald Trump has tried to subvert this election, shall we? | Richard Wolffe
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| Report: Jared Kushner and Ivanka Trump pulled kids from school after parents complained they weren’t following virus protocols – Yahoo News |
| Sat, 21 Nov 2020 14:05:17 +0000 Report: Jared Kushner and Ivanka Trump pulled kids from school after parents complained they weren’t following virus protocols Yahoo News |
| Tweets by @mikenov 8:10 AM 11/21/2020 |
| Sat, 21 Nov 2020 14:05:00 +0000 Tweets by @mikenov 8:10 AM 11/21/2020 
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Tweets by @mikenov - 8:10 AM 11/21/2020
1. Opinions from Michael_Novakhov (43 sites): Opinion | The Guardian: Let's count the ways Donald Trump has tried to subvert this election, shall we? | Richard Wolffe https://ino.to/F7WFh2d
Sat, 21 Nov 2020 - Current Headlines Review from TNT: World Leaders Congratulate Biden https://ino.to/cfbL6sI
FBI from Michael_Novakhov (35 sites): Alerta de Google: fbi: FBI Releases Hate Crime Statistics https://ino.to/yS5QLTi
- Michael Novakhov Retweeted
Human genes are inserted into MONKEY BRAINS causing them to expand in unnerving Planet of the Apes-style experiment https://trib.al/0PqNTVT
6:53 AM 11/21/2020 – Headlines Review From The News And Times: World Leaders Congratulate Biden On Win, And Some Celebrate Trump’s Defeat https://ino.to/KcLrbSl
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Vatican demands explanation from Instagram after Pope Francis's account liked a photo of a Brazilian model https://trib.al/2TpUf1j
‘Sat, 21 Nov 2020 - Current Headlines Review from TNT: World Leaders Congratulate Biden’ on #SoundCloud #np https://soundcloud.com/mike-nova-3/sat-21-nov-2020-current-headlines-review-from-tnt-world-leaders-congratulate-biden …
- Michael Novakhov Retweeted
Joe Biden turns 78 today, set to become the oldest US president https://trib.al/OEi6H0b
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Border Patrol agents are already seeing a Biden surge in illegal immigration at the southwest border, officials said Thursday, with the numbers surging 21% over the last month alone.https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/nov/19/illegal-border-crossings-are-surging-migrants-anti/ …
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The News And TimesIs the so called "Covid-19" a bio-info weapon developed by the New Abwehr on the basis of their WW2 and post-WW2 Nazi human research, including the Hantavirus, to commemorate (with the World conveniently muzzled up in masks enforced silence) the 75-th anniversary of the WW2 end, and now - the "victors revenge", the Nuremberg trials?! - M.N. - In my Opinion | Hypotheses
Tweets by @mikenov
BERLIN (AP) — Seventy-five years ago, the dock of Courtroom 600 of the Nuremberg Palace of Justice was packed with some of the most nefarious figures of the 20th Century: Hermann Goering, Rudolf Hess, Joachim von Ribbentrop and 18 other high-ranking Nazis.
They weren’t yet known as war criminals — it was a charge that didn’t exist until the Nuremberg trials began on Nov. 20, 1945, in what is now seen as the birthplace of a new era of international law.
The proceedings broke new ground in holding government leaders individually responsible for their aggression and slaughter of millions of innocents. In addition to establishing the offense of war crimes, it also produced the charges of crimes against peace, waging a war of aggression, and crimes against humanity, whose legacies live on in the International Criminal Court of today.
Nuremberg was the city where Adolf Hitler reviewed torchlight Nazi party rallies and promulgated the race laws of 1935 that paved the way for the Holocaust.
Filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl’s famous propaganda movie “Triumph of the Will,” with its sweeping aerial photography and other pioneering techniques, brought the 1934 Nuremberg Nazi Party Congress to the world, with footage of top officials speaking to massive crowds of followers at the Bavarian city’s Luitpold Arena and the sweeping Zeppelin Field. The Congress Hall begun by the Nazis near the parade grounds was never finished, and today houses a documentation center about Nuremberg’s history during the Nazi era.
The choice to use the city’s Palace of Justice for the trials was less symbolic than pragmatic, as it was one of the few large buildings left undamaged by Allied bombing during the war.
The testimony of hundreds of witnesses was heard over 218 trial days. One of them was Rudolf Hoess, the Auschwitz death camp commandant, who “reacted to the order to slaughter human beings as he would have to an order to fell trees,” wrote U.S. prosecutor Whitney R. Harris.
Chief U.S. prosecutor Robert Jackson and his colleagues also had the Nazis’ own meticulous records to work from, quoting document after document in “laying bare the workings of the German conspiracy,” Associated Press correspondent Daniel De Luce reported from the courtroom at the time.
On Oct. 1, 1946, Goering, Hitler’s air force chief and right-hand man, was sentenced to death along with 11 others, including Martin Bormann, Hitler’s deputy, who was tried in absentia. Bormann is now known to have died in Berlin in 1945 as he tried to flee the Soviets. Seven drew long prison sentences and three were acquitted.
Fifteen days later, the condemned men were hanged in the courthouse’s adjacent prison. Goering committed suicide by swallowing a poison pill in his cell the night before.
One of the last surviving witnesses to the trial, Emilio DiPalma, died earlier this year after contracting the coronavirus in the care home where he lived in Massachusetts.
After fighting the Germans on the front lines during the war, DiPalma found himself at age 19 being tasked to serve as a guard in the courtroom, where he stood at the witness box with his arms clasped behind his back while Hitler’s deputies were grilled about their atrocities.
“To this day, I can hardly believe that any human being could do such cruel things to another,” DiPalma wrote in his memoirs.
The city of Nuremberg is marking the anniversary in Courtroom 600 with a ceremony Friday that will include German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier as the guest of honor. Due to coronavirus restrictions it will be closed to the public, but will be broadcast live on the internet including an English translation.
South Australian Premier Steven Marshall announces restrictions being eased in South Australia after a lie the discovery that a man misled contact tracers. Kelly Barnes/Getty Images hide caption
South Australian Premier Steven Marshall announces restrictions being eased in South Australia after a lie the discovery that a man misled contact tracers.
Kelly Barnes/Getty ImagesSouth Australia officials say a worker at a pizza shop lied about the circumstances of his exposure to the coronavirus, leading the region to a strict lockdown earlier this week.
South Australia Premier Steven Marshall announced the six-day coronavirus lockdown on Monday to curtail a growing virus outbreak in the area. As a result, schools were closed and outdoor exercise and non-essential businesses were banned.
But those restrictions are ending three days early, after officials discovered the worker from the restaurant, Woodville Pizza Bar, lied about his exposure and interaction with others.
The worker "deliberately misled our contact tracing team," Marshall said during a news conference on Friday.
Pieces of that person's story "didn't add up," he said. "We now know that they lied."
The man told contract tracers he was simply a customer at Woodville Pizza Bar, leading health officials to believe a super strain of the virus had taken root in the area.
Based on the man's information, health officials concluded that a large group of people had been exposed to coronavirus through limited and casual transmission from the pizza bar, making them believe the scope of the outbreak was wider.
But what he did not say initially was they he'd worked several shifts at the restaurant and was infected with the coronavirus along with another close contact of his who also worked at the pizza bar, according to the Sydney Morning Herald. It's unclear why the man misled contract tracers, the report said.
Though Marshall used strong words to condemn the unnamed man, no fines or criminal charges are likely to be filed against the man, the newspaper reported.
Health officials are still trying to contact potentially thousands of others who had contact with the Woodville Pizza Bar in order to isolate people who associated with the worker.
In the meantime, the person's "disgraceful conduct" won't keep other South Australians locked down a day longer, Marshall said.
- President Donald Trump told an ally that he has accepted his loss in the 2020 election, but wants to avenge Democrats for disputing his win in 2016, CNN reported.
- President-elect Joe Biden was projected to defeat Trump two weeks ago, but Trump has still not conceded or permitted his administration brief Biden's transition team.
- The Trump campaign has tried to deny Biden victory and overturn vote counts with a string of lawsuits in several states.
- According to CNN, Trump wants to get back at former President Barack Obama and 2016 Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton for saying Russia helped him win, and wants revenge for the Mueller investigation.
- Many of the Trump campaign's election lawsuits have hit a wall, with Trump and his team now launching a new plan to stall the final vote count for long enough to throw Biden's victory into doubt.
- Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.
President Donald Trump told an ally that he knows he lost the 2020 election, but is refusing to concede because he wants revenge on the Democratic Party for disputing his 2016 win, CNN reported, citing a person familiar with his thinking.
After Trump's shock win in 2016, Democrats including then-presidential nominee Hillary Clinton and former President Barack Obama poured cold water on his achievement, saying that Russia had worked to sway Americans to vote for Trump.
Trump now wants to get even and said he is looking to get back at the Democratic Party for championing Special Counsel Robert Mueller's investigation into the Trump campaign's Russia ties, CNN reported, citing the source.
Insider and Decision Desk HQ projected President-elect Joe Biden to win the 2020 election on November 6, and other outlets made the same call on November 7.
Since that time Trump has refused to concede, falsely claimed that electoral fraud was widespread, and filed a string of lawsuits seeking to overturn the results in several states.
In recent days, Trump's business partners and friends have urged him to allow Biden and his transition team access to government resources, a source told CNN, adding that Trump declined and told them they were "absolutely wrong."
On Wednesday, The Washington Post reported that Trump and his team had given up hope of overturning the election result with their lawsuits, and have settled on a new plan to stall the final vote announcement long enough to throw Biden's victory into doubt.
The change in tack comes after a number of Trump's lawsuits ran into major hurdles.
On Wednesday night, Rudy Giuliani and Marc Scaringi, two lawyers for the Trump campaign, asked a federal judge to ignore Pennsylvania voters and declare Trump the winner. Three lawyers on Trump's Pennsylvania case dropped out the day before.
And on Thursday, the Trump campaign withdrew its last lawsuit in Michigan, according to Politico.
Trump has threatened to go to the Supreme Court to overturn the election result, however experts told Business Insider that he is simply running out of time and that the Supreme Court will likely be disinterested.
Seventy-five years ago, at 10 o’clock on 20 November 1945, the courtroom in the Palace of Justice, Nuremberg, Germany, was crowded. Present were lawyers, generals, soldiers, white-helmeted US military police, photographers, movie cameras, journalists and locals. Punctually, the four judges began the proceedings of the International Military Tribunal.
It was ‘International’ because of the four Allies — America, the Soviet Union, Britain and France. And it was ‘Military’ because they were occupying powers. There was no German government.
A procession of more than 20 top Nazi officials, led by former Luftwaffe chief Herman Goering, came up from dank, windowless solitary confinement elsewhere in the building, and took to two rows of serried seats. The lights in the panelled room were almost as intense as those shone by each black-helmeted GI as he inspected his own personal captive – known by just a number – in the cells. As we will see, Nuremberg was more than a courtroom drama, a show trial, or the double-standards exercise of victors’ justice. For more than 10 months, the Allies not only saw some kind of justice done there. They also contained the populist and radical worldwide atmosphere of anti-fascism immediately after the war, by making justice seen to be done – in a style more convincing than Stalin’s infamous Moscow Trials. The Allies wanted to make some key political points, of a fundamentally conservative nature, about the postwar order, and to make them in the full glare of the world’s media.
Indeed, that was one reason why they had alighted on Nuremberg as the venue for the Trials. It was the historic seat, with Munich, of Nazism. Nuremberg had been where the architect and wartime Nazi arms chief Albert Speer had organised Hitler’s famously full-on annual party rallies. It was also where Hitler’s deputy, Rudolf Hess, first promulgated the 1935 Nuremberg Laws. These deprived Jews of the right to intermarry and have sex with Gentiles, deprived them of citizenship, and, beyond the Jews, threatened ‘even those who silently distanced themselves’ from the Nazis by their ‘lack of enthusiasm’ with the same lowly status (1).
Now Speer and Hess joined Goering in the rogues’ gallery. The justice dispensed to them in the city with which their infamy was most closely associated almost seemed poetic.
Relevance beyond the legal domain
In Nuremberg, the Allies hoped that a sober judicial ritual would act as a cool riposte to the hysteria that had always surrounded Hitler in this particular city. The Trials were a huge gamble, but, by and large, the allies pulled it off. They were succeeded by 12 separate trials, from December 1946 to April 1949. These subsequent hearings covered Nazi generals, doctors and judges, as well as ministerial officials and major companies (IG Farben, Krupp) associated with the Nazi regime. Yet, by contrast with the much lengthier International Military Tribunal of the Far East (1946-8), which was held in Tokyo, guided by the same Charter as the Nuremberg Trials, but ‘increasingly fraught with dissension’ (2), the earlier proceedings in Germany were relatively uncontroversial. Why then go back to them now?
The annual rally of the Nazi Party in Germany in Nuremberg, 1935.
One reason is that in Nuremberg we have a template for postwar declarations, principles and conventions that defined much of today’s international law on war. Though times have changed since 1945-6, and the Nuremberg legal approach has been widely and seriously distorted, contemporary international institutions and tribunals on war crimes often still invoke Nuremberg to claim legitimacy.
The legal relevance of the Nuremberg Trials to the 21st century, which has been demonstrated elsewhere on spiked, is not the subject of this essay, however. Rather, it will focus on the politics of Nuremberg as the anti-Nazi climax to the Second World War, and the unique and thus unrepeatable reasons why the Trial succeeded. Paradoxically, it is this very uniqueness which makes it worth understanding Nuremberg’s relevance to today, when memories have faded and times have changed beyond recognition.
Let’s therefore look at the historical run-up to the main Trial, review some key features of it, and assess both its aftermath and its legacy today. First, though, a word on the moral, political and historical distance between the Nazis who were arraigned at Nuremberg and today’s era.
Then and now
That distance is vast. In 2020, it remains important to realise just what those in the dock in 1945, who had outlived the suicides of Hitler, Himmler and Goebbels, had done. It is important because the term ‘fascist’ is used so liberally today to refer to anyone from Donald Trump to President Xi. This completely relativises what happened in the 1930s and 1940s, and obscures the horrific dimensions of the Holocaust.
And the Nazis’ deeds were horrific. At a later Nuremberg trial, Otto Ohlendorf, appointed by SS chief Reinhard Heydrich as commander of the death squads (Einsatzgruppen) in the Ukraine and Crimea, described one feature of Nazi rule. To save money and the feelings of his executioners, the SS developed lorries with airtight space behind their cabs. They were mobile gas chambers, using the exhaust fumes lorries produce to deadly effect. The lorries ‘looked very harmless, so there was no panic when the victims were loaded… there was no excessive stress for the truck driver or his mate, as the engine noise drowned the cries of the dying’. The lorries were equipped with a ‘rapid discharge device’, or tipping mechanism, the more swiftly to unload bodies into freshly dug pits. In October 1941, one engineer noted that no fewer than 97,000 victims were ‘processed’ in just three vehicles, ‘without any faults appearing’. At that time, victims were crammed into lorries at the rate of nine or 10 per square metre. By 5 June 1942, however, the same engineer looked forward to squeezing still more Jews and communists into the same space (3). In Mogilev, Belarus, gassing by lorries took place after midnight, for cover, and lasted just 10 minutes; after it was over, Jewish prisoners would clean the lorry’s space of vomit and faeces, before themselves being shot (4).
At the main trial in Nuremberg, then, crimes against humanity formed the last and most memorable of the four counts against the defendants. The others, in order, were a Nazi common plan or conspiracy, crimes against peace – waging aggressive wars and/or wars that broke treaties – and war crimes, which included: concentration camps and other mass exterminations, mass torture and medical experiments (children included (5)), deportations for slave labour, killing of prisoners of war and hostages, and plunder.
These crimes had not been defined before Nuremberg. Altogether, they formed a rather blurred concept, one which tended to strip the Nazis’ methods of their historical and political context.
But that was just the point. It was not so much fascist politics that were put on trial, but, ironically, humanity itself. As Ann and John Tusa’s old but much-acclaimed account of the Trial has it, ‘It was part of the search for a better way to control strong human impulses, aggression and revenge. It was an attempt to replace violence with acceptable and effective rules for human behaviour.’ At the same time, the left-liberal writer Rebecca West, observing parts of the trial toward its end, opined that its task was ‘to prove that victors can so rise above the ordinary limitations of human nature as to be able to try fairly the foes they vanquished, by submitting themselves to the restraints of law’ (6).
Nuremberg, then, amounted to a juridical attack on evil. To its credit, the tribunal recognised the extraordinarily monstrous deeds of the Nazis. To its discredit, and despite its key charge of conspiracy, it tended to convert the historical experience of fascism into a timeless morality play – indeed, Robert Jackson, the chief US prosecutor, invoked ‘the moral sense of mankind’ in his opening address. The impulse was to portray the Nazi leaders as criminals able to dupe a pliant German population. The focus was on individual sinners, their psychology and their blind group loyalty to Hitler.
That was a travesty worse than the obvious legal travesty of we-make-the-rules victors’ justice. While Nuremberg left Allied mass murder around Hamburg, Bengal, Dresden, Hiroshima and Nagasaki out of account, these events were not its only omissions. Also absent were the class character of the Nazi regime, its drive to destroy the enormous force that had been the German left, and its success, on behalf of capital, in terrorising workers into unprecedented levels of exploitation.
The trial was not just a snow job for the Allies. Over 30 volumes and three supplements of proceedings, 250,000 pages and 775 recorded hours, along with films and photographs, it brought to light the gigantic scale and horror of the Nazi years. At the same time, Allied elites used Nuremberg in the same way as they did D-Day, little more than a year earlier, ‘to neuter radicals, cover over imperial designs, and present imperial politics as progressive’.
Nevertheless, it should be clear that the size, ferocity and duration of Nazi exterminations completely dwarfed anything that might be cast as fascism today. And the historical prelude to Nuremberg, together with the way in which the West used the trial, were quite different from the International Criminal Court, which began life at the Hague in 2002 as a creepy 21st-century imitation of Nuremberg.
The origins of the Trials
The footage and photography of the Nuremberg Trials are mostly black and white, with indicted Nazi leaders wearing headphones, to hear the proceedings by means of a then novel system: simultaneous interpretation. Goering and one or two others are in uniform; the rest, in suits and ties. Sometimes, perhaps because of the bright lights, Goering, Admiral Doenitz and the odd accomplice don dark glasses which, compounded by headphones, make them look spookier than ever. Throughout, Goering is contemptuous, Speer maintains a calm bearing, and Rudolf Hess, Hitler’s party deputy, looks madder and madder.
Goering, left, and Hess, right, in court during their trials, 4 December 1945. Photo: Chris Ware/Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images
The fact that top politicians and militarists on the losing side were held in jail, and not under house arrest, was new. Yet these interior scenes were only part of the picture. The pointless Allied bombing of Nuremberg’s quaint old town, which now surrounded the courthouse with rubble, was one sign of the devastation of the Third Reich and the uniqueness of the whole episode. The state of the German working class was another: Rebecca West noted the presence in Nuremberg of ‘a puddle of survivors’ – ‘a frail and scrawny army of old women doing navvies’ work’ to the foundations of ruined buildings (7). And, beyond the immediate vicinity of the trial, its political origins were also very special.
First, in the run-up to the trials, there was much indecision and then unanimity about what to do with the defendants. Three months after the success of D-Day, Roosevelt joined Churchill in initialling a programme drawn up by US Treasury secretary Henry Morgenthau: one which, apart from the impoverishment of Germany, sought simply to identify Nazi ‘arch-criminals’ whose guilt was ‘obvious’, and ‘put them to death forthwith by firing squads made up of soldiers of the United Nations’. But by the time of the Yalta ‘Big Three’ conference in February 1945, Stalin came out in favour of a trial – before, that is, the dispatch of defendants, again by firing squad. The founding of the United Nations at the San Francisco Conference in April 1945 confirmed America’s hegemony in the world and its revised plans to go to trial, which Britain had no choice but reluctantly to accept.
Second, in the light of wider political events, the tribunal was forced to tack toward mass anti-fascist sentiment. A great fear, after D-Day, was that Allied soldiers and others would visit revenge on the remnants of fascism, and so create disorder. There was also a big change in the atmosphere at the tribunal after 19 February 1946, when the Russians showed a one-hour compilation film of Nazi atrocities. Made by Elizaveta Svilova, the collaborator and wife of the famed director Dziga Vertov, the film unexpectedly transformed the court. Among other terrible sequences, it showed how naked Polish women were made to lie down in mass graves before being shot. Afterwards, the perpetrators are seen smiling for the camera.
Third, political priorities demanded not only an accommodation to the Soviets, but also a mass lesson, in the West, in anti-Communism. The appointment, in May 1945, of the arch Tory MP and lawyer Sir David Maxwell Fyfe as head of the British prosecuting team was a move towards this end. Thus the conservative texture of the trial was assured.
Then, at the Potsdam conference of the Big Three in July, 1945, new US President Harry Truman and Churchill learned that US scientists had successfully exploded an experimental atomic weapon. That emboldened them against the Soviets (8), as did the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki early the following month. After that, little more than three months passed after the opening of Nuremberg before Churchill was ready to give, on 5 March 1946 at Fulton, Missouri, his famous ‘Iron Curtain’ speech against Russia.
In Britain, Mediterranean Europe, Asia and the US, serious class struggles attended the aftermath of the war. Democracy was widely restricted. The Allies therefore had both to come to terms with Russia’s expansion westward and the international left’s wartime prestige, while also stigmatising Communism. But at Nuremberg that didn’t prove difficult. When the Russians falsely alleged that the German army had murdered thousands of Polish officers at Katyn wood, near Smolensk, about 200 miles west of Moscow, the tribunal let the defence team demolish the Soviet claim over two days – hinting in the process that the allegations were a cover-up for a massacre the Russians had themselves organised.
What, then, could the left ever do about Nuremberg? It surely wanted to avenge itself on the fascists. But was it not also in a position to suggest that Allied leaders themselves be put in the dock for assorted bestial acts? No, it was not. Given its unalloyed support for the war as a left-wing cause, and after the courtroom quarrel over the Katyn massacre and the strong suspicion that the Russians had been responsible, the left could only acquiesce to the trial, and to the framework it provided for postwar international relations.
In this respect Nuremberg, with all its trappings, proved an effective weapon against socialism in the mid-20th century. It took the whole nine yards of fascism, reduced them to man’s inhumanity to man, and depoliticised them.
Psychology and the personalisation of politics
Nuremberg was not just a victory for lawyers over politics. It was also where the character analysis beloved of a burgeoning wartime discipline – psychology – came into its own (9). Thus prosecutor Jackson reminded Hjalmar Schacht, appointed by Hitler as Reichsminister of economics in 1934, of the opinion about Goering that he had shared with British intelligence interrogator Major Edmund Tilley. According to Schacht, Goering was:
‘Endowed by nature with a certain geniality which he managed to exploit for his own popularity, he was the most egocentric being imaginable. The assumption of political power was for him only a means to personal enrichment and personal good living. The success of others filled him with envy. His greed knew no bounds. His predilection for jewels, gold and finery, et cetera, was unimaginable. He knew no comradeship. Only as long as someone was useful to him did he profess friendship.’
This was an early and influential form of the personalisation of politics that so afflicts what passes for political critique today. It rests on the assumption that politics can be reduced to and explained away by an individual’s putative psychopathology. So it is notable that both Schacht, a placeman for the Nazis, and Jackson took this psychological explanation of Goering as good coin.
That was not by chance. Lieutenant colonel Douglas Kelley, a US Army military intelligence officer who served as chief psychiatrist at Nuremberg, claimed to have spent no fewer than 80 hours with each of the prisoners he assessed. US Army first lieutenant Gustav Gilbert, a Jew with flawless German, was also appointed psychologist to the prisoners.
Before and during the trial, the two men played soft-cop listeners to the defendants in their confinement, with Gilbert using the results to help guide Jackson with his case. Like Jackson in court, Gilbert coached Speer in his cell. That way Speer’s acceptance, at the trial, of personal and collective responsibility for fascist misdeeds could undo Goering’s combative oratory for and leadership of those in the dock, and work to the Allies’ maximum advantage.
A break in the proceedings: defendants in a relaxed moment. Left to right: Goering, Hess, and, in the back row, Admirals Karl Doenitz (in the shades) and Erich Raeder. Photo: Lewis Woudhuysen
Interestingly, Kelley and Gilbert also administered the newly trendy Rorschach inkblot test to the defendants. ‘Psychiatry and psychology’, in the words of one Californian academic,
‘were oddly central to the trial in ways that are largely forgotten. First of all, the trial was not so much “who done it” as it was a “why did they do it”…. This was an enormous and unusual effort in the history of medicine. Never before, have we studied so closely leaders who had steered a country into such an abyss.’
Indeed, never before had inkblot marks on a piece of paper been used to provide an explanation of barbarism.
The rise of psychology in the war had, back in June 1945, allowed American professional associations dedicated to mental deficiency, neurology, psychiatry and unrelated disciplines to write a letter to Jackson saying that ‘detailed knowledge of the personality of these leaders… would be valuable as a guide to those concerned with the reorganisation and re-education of Germany’ (they also wanted dead defendants to have their brains examined). Significantly, General William J Donovan, head of the Office of Strategic Services (forerunner of the CIA), backed the letter – and the Rorschach tests. But then the shrinks got another break.
If, at the trial, Rudolf Hess could be proved to be as dotty as he increasingly appeared to be, his fitness to stand, and the prestige of the trial itself, would come into question. Therefore much depended on the shrinks’ verdict on the mental state of Hess: was he faking or not? When Hess owned up to faking it, all was well. But for the opening 10 weeks of the trial, ‘a steady flow of stories’ from Gilbert ‘continued to be a staple of press coverage’ (10).
Once again, and despite the charge of conspiracy, the politics of Nazi rule were reduced to egocentrism and other personality disorders.
Conclusion: the Nuremberg moment
There is much more we could say about the main trial at Nuremberg, the sentences passed on individuals and the hypocrisy of Britain and America. For instance, the Allies let all the SS Cavalry (including the Reiter SS, which was very active on the Eastern front) and plenty of lesser fascists off the hook and into significant positions in postwar Germany (11).
However, we can sum up the impact of Nuremberg simply enough. It is still lauded as an eternal model for how the ‘global community’ should deal with national dictators. It was preceded by the UN’s hope that ‘respect for international law’ could ‘save succeeding generations from the scourge of war’. And it was succeeded, in 1950, by the UN’s seven Nuremberg Principles, which hold both heads of state and juniors ‘following orders’ to account for their deeds in wars (12). Yet the overall and time-bound social legitimacy of the trial should warn us against attempts, made 75 years later, to repeat it. Conditions now are very different from Nuremberg: any international court on wars can rely on much less cohesion or popular support.
More broadly, a review of the film The Meaning of Hitler (2020) by the hip independent filmmakers’ organ IndieWire can, rather oddly, serve as an index of the political mystification Nuremberg helped achieve. Critic Eric Kohn agrees with the movie’s directors that ‘fascism can happen anywhere’ – indeed, that ‘the fascism of the past can happen just as easily today’. He agrees also that ‘normal people did awful things’, though he concedes that observation ‘doesn’t exactly unearth new insights into the nature of the Third Reich’. Oh, and of course society ‘remains vulnerable to the same complaisant attitudes’ exploited by Adolf Hitler ‘decades ago’.
There we have it. Instead of political analysis of fascism, we get glib, liberal platitudes about the universal human potential for… deviancy. Instead of understanding what fascism did to the working class, we get at a swipe at the perennial gullibility of the masses.
These are the anodyne but actually very bitter fruits of the Nuremberg moment.
James Woudhuysen is visiting professor of forecasting and innovation at London South Bank University.
Main picture: Getty.
(1) The Third Reich in Power, 1933-1939, by Richard Evans, Penguin Press HC, 2005, p544
(2) ‘The Tokyo and Nuremberg International Military Tribunal Trials: a comparative study’, by David M Crowe, in The Tokyo Tribunal: perspectives on law, history and memory, edited by Viviane E Dittrich, Kerstin von Lingen, Philipp Osten and Jolana Makraiova, Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher, 2020, p59
(3) Data and quotations from Justice, not Vengeance [1989], by Simon Wiesenthal, Mandarin, 1990, pp71-2
(4) Hitler’s Death Squads: The Logic of Mass Murder, by Helmut Langerbein, Texas A&M University Press, 2003, pp115-116
(5) On 19 February 1946, page 8 of the New York Times reported from Nuremberg. ‘I often saw an executioner taking children by the feet, tearing them apart and throwing them into the fire’, said one witness. The reporter, Drew Middleton, went on: ‘The extermination of children was general throughout occupied Russia. Besides the 5,000 children killed in Riga, thousands more were slaughtered in Orel, Kiev, Stavropol, Brest-Litovsk and a thousand unknown villages. Some were drowned in the sea off Stavropol; others were killed experimentally in gas chambers; thousands were thrown into graves and buried alive.’
(6) Both quotations from The Nuremberg Trial, by Ann Tusa and John Tusa (1983), Papermac, 1984, p14
(7) Rebecca West, Foreword to Nuremberg: a personal record of the trial of the major Nazi war criminals, by Airey Neave, Coronet Books, 1978, p7. At the end of the war, the average weekly pay of a semi-skilled German worker was 80 RM [Reichsmarks], a sum made equivalent, in 1948, to eight Deutschmarks. Before that, the black market ensured that ‘a one-dollar carton of cigarettes retailed at 1000 RM or more’. See The Germans (1982) by Gordon A Craig, Penguin Books, 1984, p122
(8) Shattered peace: the origins of the Cold War and the national security state, by Daniel Yergin, Andre Deutsch, 1978, pp120, 121
(9) On the wartime rise of US psychology, see ‘′Vance Packard’s The Hidden Persuaders’, by James Woudhuysen, The Academy Online, 20 June 2020, 11 minutes in
(10) The Nuremberg Trial, by Ann Tusa and John Tusa (1983), Papermac, 1984, p214
(11) On the arbitrary and repressive nature of the ‘DeNazification’ of post-war Germany, see An Unpatriotic History of the Second World War, by James Heartfield, Zero Books, 2012, pp388-390. Though overly pessimistic about a fascist revival – more than a decade after The Times, in 1950, had declared Germany a Wirtschaftswunder, or economic miracle – The New Germany and the Old Nazis, by the German journalist T H Tetens, Random House, 1961, is factually useful on fascists employed by the postwar West German state, and the role of Konrad Adenauer in creating the environment for that to happen. See in particular pp63, 65, 98, 102, 205
(12) Yearbook of the International Law Commission 1950, Volume II: Documents of the second session including the report of the Commission to the General Assembly, United Nations, 1950, pp374-378
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Is the United States Germany’s strategic rival? Germany is the fourth-largest economy in the world, a leading liberal democratic power, the core state in the European Union, an active NATO ally, and home to the headquarters of the U.S. military’s European and African commands. Its cooperation is vital to U.S. national interests. Yet U.S.-German relations have deteriorated over the past four years. Last year, even Chancellor Angela Merkel, formerly a champion of close German-U.S. relations, suggested that Germans and their E.U. partners might need to consider the United States as rivals, as they already regard Russia and China. The new U.S. president has an opportunity to revitalize the U.S.-German partnership by thinking bigger and broader about a new series of centerpiece projects. Four areas of possible cooperation in which to promote positive and forward-looking solutions to shared problems are: transatlantic security, trade, public health, and climate change.
Serious tensions between the partners developed during the 2003 American intervention in Iraq and were inflamed again by the 2015 WikiLeaks allegations of NSA spying on the German leadership. President Barack Obama restored trust between the two governments by developing a strong personal relationship with Merkel that helped make Germany the preeminent U.S. partner in Europe.
Since 2017, President Donald Trump’s trade war, unilateralist approach to Iran and to climate change, and exacerbation of long-simmering differences over defense commitments have dangerously frayed relations — and revived distrust — between Washington and Berlin. According to a September 2020 Pew Research Center poll, the percentage of Germans who regard the United States favorably has declined from 57 percent to 26 percent during Trump’s presidency. The aggressive and insulting manner in which Trump allegedly dealt with Merkel in their telephone calls, reportedly calling her “stupid,” and German suspicions that a sudden announcement of U.S. troop withdrawals from Germany was instigated by Merkel’s decision not to travel to Washington for a G-7 meeting have raised serious questions about American dependability. A 70-year-old alliance based on shared values and interests, possessing deep interoperability, appears to be in jeopardy.
President-elect Joe Biden has signaled that multilateral diplomacy will be far more important in his administration’s strategic calculations than it has been under Trump. Whether it is working with NATO, the European Union, or the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, effective multiparty diplomacy begins with sound and respectful bilateral relations with a European insider: multilateralism with a bilateral foundation. Reinforcing the U.S.-German relationship, speaking more from a position of equality rather than dominance, and putting the relationship on a sounder policy foundation for the future will have benefits for the entire transatlantic community.
The initial German reaction to Biden’s election has been positive. However, the new Biden administration should avoid the pitfalls of a “nostalgia-based policy” that attempts to turn back the clock to the Obama administration. Like the United States, Germany will have a new leader in the coming year. Papering over differences through personal diplomacy may not be enough. Now is a time to relaunch the relationship based on new as well as old areas of shared interest. Biden should “think bigger and broader” by prioritizing new investments in this critical relationship beyond NATO diplomacy, to include soft-power strategic issues. This approach could restore trust between German and American leaders while increasing the utility of the relationship to both capitals. This article proposes four areas where the two governments have the potential for such cooperation.
Transatlantic Security Policy
Russia will remain a central challenge for both governments. As in the 2016 U.S. elections, Russian President Vladimir Putin has been recklessly aggressive in using hybrid warfare techniques, including cyber warfare against the German parliament. German federal prosecutors have also accused Russian authorities in the 2019 assassination of a Chechen man with Georgian citizenship in Berlin. In recent years, Germany has led Europe in responding to Russian aggression. Although Germany has substantially more investments in Russia than the United States does, Berlin has supported and helped shape the sanctions imposed by the United States following Moscow’s incursions into eastern Ukraine and its seizure of Crimea. In 2020, Germany provided safe treatment for Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny following his poisoning and called for E.U. sanctions on the Belarusian leader for the violent treatment of protestors in the wake of fraudulent elections. Given Germany’s economic and political strength, there can be no effective Western policy toward Russia without close cooperation between Berlin and Washington.
One of the top priorities of the Biden administration will be the revitalization of the transatlantic alliance. The United States and Germany should form a joint working group on Russia policy based in both the National Security Council and the Chancellor’s Office to develop a coordinated strategy for dealing with Putin. This process should be separate from NATO consultations. NATO now has 30 members. Given its size and divisions, it would be advantageous for Washington to find agreement with Berlin prior to seeking support from other allies. As the German foreign minister recently suggested, the German government perceives a need for coordination on sanctions policies, and this should be a key element in a new transatlantic strategy.
The Trump administration did not consult with Berlin prior to announcing its decision to withdraw more than a quarter of the U.S. troop presence in Germany. Both governments should reconsider this decision and the long-term U.S. military profile in Germany as part of the discussions of the proposed joint working group. American bases in Germany have been as much about deployments to Southwest Asia and the Middle East as about defending Germany. Because the American withdrawal from the Middle East is likely to continue under the Biden administration, their role is now about the credibility of the U.S. guarantee of European security — which needs to be reinforced after Trump’s weakening of NATO’s Article 5 reassurances.
Trade and China Policy
Washington and Berlin face similar problems in dealing with an increasingly assertive and authoritarian regime in Beijing. Unlike the Trump approach, Biden’s will understand that without a unified West, China will divide and conquer. Here, too, Germany remains the key player in Europe given that it has the strongest economic relationship with China of any E.U. member state. However, German elites are increasingly skeptical that fair trade with China is possible. In September, wary of Chinese state influence, the German government moved to block telecom giant Huawei from the country’s 5G program.
The dormant Obama-era Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership failed to generate enthusiasm in Germany and was dropped by Trump. The Biden administration should explore the possibility of “a newly consolidated Western trade alliance” with the United States to counter China’s “aggressively controlled state capitalism,” as the German defense minister recently argued. This may be the best way to meet shared challenges with China such as defending intellectual property rights, preventing the takeover of key companies, and creating a level playing field in trade and investment — in short, ensuring that the terms of trade are fair. As a first step, the new U.S. team should suspend the Trump tariffs on European steel and aluminum imports, which have been damaging to both the transatlantic relationship and American companies.
Public Health
The COVID-19 pandemic cannot be dealt with unilaterally. Pandemics are not national emergencies — they require international cooperation. Germany has world-class biomedical capabilities and facilities and will be an indispensable partner in containing and ending the pandemic. It was Germany that developed the first successful test for COVID-19 that was deployed globally. Germany has been credited with utilizing technology more effectively than other Western democracies to track and manage the pandemic. Yet in early 2020, the German government revealed that the Trump administration had attempted to purchase a German firm making progress on a COVID-19 vaccine, possibly to secure exclusive rights for Americans. In response, in May 2020, Germany passed legislation to protect its vaccine manufacturers from similar poaching and compelled the government to acquire a stake in the same company that the United States had allegedly targeted.
The United States should repair the relationship by looking for cooperative opportunities to not only address the current pandemic but also prevent future ones. The German government was displeased by the announced U.S. withdrawal from the World Health Organization and will be glad to see a U.S. president reaffirm the U.S. commitment to multilateral cooperation on public health. At the same time, cooperation at the bilateral level would help address deficiencies in both countries’ pandemic responses. As in the United States, many Germans have resented and resisted government-led efforts to address the pandemic, but the German government has more successfully limited the number of cases and deaths. There are lessons that Americans could draw from Germany’s experience if they could be effectively disseminated to the public.
Climate and Energy
Germany has also made progress on another new dimension of foreign policy: environmental security. The Energiewende (energy transition) initiative increased renewable-sourced (wind, solar, hydroelectric) electricity generation, which will decrease carbon emissions. There are critics of the Energiewende, and its success has been masked by other factors, including the simultaneous elimination of nuclear power generation. Still, renewables accounted for 40 percent of German power generation in 2019, according to the U.S. Energy Information Agency. The United States is struggling with unprecedented severe weather, water insecurity, and wildfires, and gets only 17 percent of its production from renewables. Germans appreciate the importance of the United States for addressing global climate change, and there is potential for a broad discussion of energy and environmental security to mutual benefit. Such a project would require diplomacy beyond the diplomats. The secretaries of the Departments of Energy and Commerce, the head of the Environmental Protection Agency, and other senior figures could take part in regular cabinet-level meetings — reflecting the complex, interdepartmental nature of this challenge.
There is also an unprecedented urgency — and opportunity — to bring societies into decisions that deeply affect people in their locales. The Biden administration should find creative ways to incorporate state governments in both countries in joint efforts to promote environmental security. For example, cooperation between California and Baden-Wurttemberg on lowering emissions through the United Nations’ Under 2 MOU Coalition represents a creative way to think about partnership. The administration should convene a high-level joint commission, which could be reinforced by vertical cooperation from civil society and partnerships between American and German cities and states, and should also cultivate interest in the project within Congress and the German Bundestag.
A major source of irritation with Germany in Washington has been Berlin’s cooperation with Moscow on the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline under the Baltic Sea. In 2020, the U.S. Congress has deliberated expanding sanctions to discourage completion of this project, which Congress fears will undermine Ukraine and increase Russian influence. Strategic thinkers in both countries have long shared concerns that Germany is too dependent on Russian energy supplies, and this has been a source of rancor in relations with Berlin. Biden’s longtime national security adviser Antony Blinken even wrote a 1987 book on the subject. Nevertheless, the Biden team should keep its focus on the big picture and realize that the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline will be a fait accompli when Biden is sworn in and should not inhibit broader cooperation with Berlin. The Biden administration should instead use increased bilateral dialogue to push Germany’s government beyond Nord Stream 2, to diversify the country’s natural gas supply to include greater consumption of liquefied natural gas from the United States and elsewhere. The German government should also be thinking of offering compromises to the United States on this thorny issue.
The common thread in these recommendations is that the Biden administration should invest attention in the U.S.-German relationship, think big and broad, and take a less unilateral approach, one that emphasizes engagement across multiple levels of government and society. The Biden team can’t necessarily undo the perception the Trump years created in that the United States had withdrawn from the world. There may not be as large a shift in German attitudes as Obama’s presidency generated. Germany’s post-World War II aversion to flexing its hard power is understandable but sometimes makes it a problematic partner. From an American perspective, one good outcome of the perception that the United States cannot be relied on may be that Germany, which has committed to greater defense spending, will cooperate with its European partners to take greater responsibility for their collective security. Security cooperation with Berlin should be defined in the broadest possible terms to incorporate trade, health, and climate, as well as hybrid military threats.
Today’s Germany has taken on a leadership role at the center of Europe that would have been unimaginable when the Berlin Wall fell in 1989. In the wake of Brexit, Germany has become an even more central player in shaping E.U. policies. Brexit is likely to see a further diminution of the United Kingdom’s economic and military power. For the foreseeable future, London will be focused on its internal problems, including the territorial integrity of the union with Scotland and Northern Ireland. The Biden team and Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi have already warned U.K. Prime Minister Boris Johnson about preserving the Good Friday agreements as part of its withdrawal from E.U. membership. Regrettably, Britain’s ability to assist the United States in bridge-building within Europe was dramatically curbed by Brexit.
Germany’s importance to the United States as a European partner, given the growing importance of the European Union to American diplomacy and economic statecraft, becomes more significant post-Brexit. While France remains the most important military power in the European Union — the only one with an independent nuclear force — it remains ambivalent about NATO and prizes its strategic independence from the United States. The Franco-German tandem remains central to any leadership in the European Union, but France is not in the same league as Germany in economics. In the future, the United States is almost certain to maintain strong ties with Britain and France, but Germany is key. A strong bilateral relationship between Washington and Berlin should not be mistaken for a strong partnership with the European Union. Berlin is a partner in Brussels, a first call when navigating the political shoals of Europe.
Biden can and should deepen ties with this anchor state in areas where the United States can benefit from its experience, and should generate a more robust symbiotic relationship that is relevant to the new generations in both countries. While German public confidence in the United States has plummeted, the American public remains positive about Germany. There is also bipartisan support for the transatlantic relationship in Congress. Trump was an outlier in the Republican Party on Europe, especially on Germany. The United States can and should be judged by the allies it makes and keeps on the world stage. It should endeavor to rebuild ties to Germany, a partner worth having.
Stephen F. Szabo is a senior fellow at the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies and an adjunct professor at the BMW Center for German and European Studies at Georgetown University. He has published widely on European and German politics and foreign policies, including the books The Successor Generation: International Perspectives of Postwar Europeans, The Diplomacy of German Unification, Parting Ways: The Crisis in the German-American Relationship, and Germany, Russia, and the Rise of Geo-Economics.
Dr. Jason Bruder is a former State Department official and senior staff member on the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee, where he covered Europe for Chairmen Joseph R. Biden, John Kerry, and Bob Menendez. Bruder holds a Ph.D. from the University of St. Andrews in the United Kingdom and is a research associate at its Institute for the Middle East, Central Asia, and Caucasus Studies.
The COVID-19 pandemic has driven a massive allocation of resources towards producing solutions, from identifying life-saving medications, tracking how the virus spreads and ultimately to preventing infection with vaccines.
As a physician scientist, I study how the virus has evolved over the pandemic, since any changes in the virus could also change the effectiveness of current treatments. On Nov. 9, Pfizer announced preliminary trial results showing that a vaccine it developed with BioNTech was about 90 per cent effective. That was followed up nine days later with final trial results and two months of safety data, indicating a 95 per cent effectiveness rate.
Pfizer announced on Nov. 18 that it intends to file for emergency authorization with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Meanwhile, on Nov. 16, Moderna announced preliminary results for its own vaccine, developed with the U.S. National Institutes of Health, which also indicated effectiveness of about 95 per cent.
John Krasinski Surprises Boston Health Care Workers With Red Sox Tickets for Life
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This is good news, but we need to understand what it means so life can ultimately go back to normal.
Both Pfizer’s and Moderna’s vaccines are mRNA-based. In each of our cells, DNA produces messenger RNA (mRNA) containing the templates for making proteins. It’s called messenger RNA because it carries that information to other parts of the cell, where the instructions are read and followed to produce specific proteins.
When a patient is injected with mRNA in a vaccine, their cells use the information in that mRNA to create a protein: in this case, a version of the spike protein from the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. The immune system recognizes that protein as a signal to produce antibodies and immune cells.
An mRNA vaccine has some advantages for mass vaccination. It can produce robust immunity, can be made rapidly at low cost, and, like inactivated and subunit vaccines, it is impossible for it to cause someone to develop the illness.
Building immunity
This vaccine has the potential to protect many people from this devastating virus. When it is said that a vaccine is 90 per cent effective, this means that if 100 people received the vaccine and were then exposed to the virus, 90 would be unlikely to get sick. While 10 would be at risk of still developing the infection, fortunately protection from vaccines is not all-or-nothing. These 10 individuals could have milder disease than someone who did not receive the vaccine.
It takes time for immune systems to prepare to fight infections. Think of building immunity to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, like preparing to run a marathon. First, the runner must register, just as the immune system must be exposed to the infectious agent. Then, they need to build stamina. For the immune system, this means making antibodies and immune cells. Finally, they run the marathon: the bolstered immune system now removes the infectious agent from the body, or prevents it from doing further damage.
In both the Pfizer and Moderna clinical trials, subjects received the vaccine in two doses, three or four weeks apart, respectively. That’s about how much time it takes for the stimulated immune system to produce meaningful protection. A booster vaccine was given to produce even more antibodies and immune cells. In terms of the marathon example, this is like doing a practice marathon around three weeks into training. The runner will do better than they would have on day one, but more training is likely still needed. The booster vaccine provides that extra training.
The beginning of the end
Should we expect the pandemic to be over once a vaccine is available for public use? Not exactly. A vaccine will not be perfect, and it takes time for the immune system to be ready to protect us.
In addition, it is possible that the vaccines will be less effective than cited. Clinical trials are carefully set up, but it is possible that the virus will have evolved enough since the vaccines were designed so they will provide less benefit. It will also take time for enough vaccine to be made and administered for the population to achieve herd immunity.
Masks and social distancing will still most likely be necessary throughout 2021 because it takes time to accomplish such large-scale projects. We cannot expect herd immunity from our neighbours getting sick to get the world back to normal, even while neighbours are receiving vaccines. The human cost is unacceptable and the virus is too infectious for this to produce meaningful results unless 67 per cent of the population is infected, with a lot of people dying up to that point and afterwards.
We are in a scary time but have reason to have hope. The news of the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines is good news and could potentially bring the world back to something more normal. We must not forget that it will take time and all of us working together. Masks and social distancing are our reality right now, and will remain so until at least next year. We must persevere with these measures, even when we find them frustrating. There is a light at the end of the tunnel and we can all reach it if we work together.
Julian Daniel Sunday Willett, PhD Student, Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
Image: Reuters
Finland has fewer confirmed cases of COVID-19 than any of its rival EU members, which has apparently qualified the country's young prime minister, Sanna Marin, to lecture her peers about the dangers of right-wing populism as Brussels clashes with Poland and Hungary over "rule of law" requirements, delaying desperately needed COVID aid.
Marin explained that citizens will ultimately blame the government for imposing all of these COVID-19-inspired restrictions on movement and business, some of which have helped destroy businesses and careers, leaving a swath of pain and misery, aggravated by worsening drug and alcohol abuse.
Finland is the only EU member not to see a resurgence of the virus over the past few months; its average rate of about 40 daily cases per million people has endured for months. Austria's rate is 20x that. The Czech Republic's rate is 15x, while Sweden's rate is 10x.
So, what should European governments do? Marin seems to think that agreeing to a common EU-wide strategy would help. Or at the very least, she believes the strategy would help keep Finland safe, if more European states signed on.
"This will cause protests more and more, and it’s a breeding ground for populist movements across Europe. When you’re closing an economy and people’s workplaces, it will cause political instability. Populists come with easy answers to difficult problems, but their solutions are rarely the right ones," she added.
The common strategy envisioned by Marin would include more comprehensive testing and tracing. More than half of Finland's population is using a government testing and tracing app, which Marin has credited for helping keep infection rates low. However, outside Finland, contact tracing efforts around the world have largely met with mixed results.
She also pitched more travel restrictions, arguing that "we all need to be successful to be safe".
“This is not a competition. We all need to be successful to be safe...In Finland, the situation is more stable, but still we are also more at risk if the virus spreads in other countries."
Whatever benefit populist parties might receive from the pandemic, nothing has happened yet. But Marin believes that the more frustrated the public becomes, the more people will turn toward right-wing populists who have advocated a less restrictive approach focused on the most vulnerable.
Finland has one of the most restrictive policies in Europe governing when travelers must enter quarantine, although adherence during that period is mostly self-policed. While Finland's economy has avoided the massive blowback experienced by its neighbors, Marin insisted that people always need someone or something to blame for their problems.
"I think that the situation might get even worse and people might get even more tired. The situation has got worse in the autumn. People often want to find someone to blame and often the easiest ones to blame are the governments and politicians."
Importantly, Marin said she saw no distinction between protecting individual health and protecting the economy, and that testing - not travel restrictions - is really the key to suppression.
"Testing is key - we need to test people more. This is the key to maintaining the situation under control. We don’t want to stop people from traveling, we want to stop the virus from spreading."
That almost sounds like something Anders Tegnell, the architect of Sweden's no-lockdown approach, might say.
Dr. Kenneth Paul Rosenberg and Norman Ornstein
One of us is a psychiatrist, the other a political scientist. We have watched the fiasco since the election with mounting trepidation, from two very different perspectives. But we have a common bond: For more than a decade, each of us has worked to advocate for people with serious mental illness to get treatment. We are coming together now to advocate for immediate intervention for our president.
Since President Donald Trump’s election, the psychiatric community has debated calling out his illness(es). The American Psychiatric Association says we should remain silent out of fear that we would violate the Goldwater Rule — an APA rule adopted largely to prevent the partisan misuse of psychiatric diagnoses to unduly influence an election. But it is clear what many psychiatrists know privately, and a few have said publicly. The threat to our democracy is too great to remain silent.
Not just tantrums or selfishness
It may be no surprise that Trump railed against a 2020 election process that promised a major increase in turnout through early voting and voting by mail. He and many Republicans have advocated for ways to suppress votes, and suggested repeatedly that when everybody votes, Republicans lose. Remember, Trump had said before the 2016 election that if he lost, it was rigged; if he won, it was fair.
It also may be no surprise that Trump denied the outcome of the 2020 election in the days that followed it, despite the fact that President-elect Joe Biden’s margins in battlegrounds Michigan and Pennsylvania were larger than Trump's four years ago and he flipped Arizona and Georgia to the Democratic column. And it is true that there is neither a legal nor constitutional requirement for a presidential candidate to concede when he has lost.
But Trump's behavior since is antithetical to every norm we have in a democracy that values as much as anything the legitimacy of elections and the peaceful and orderly transfer of power after voters have spoken.
The president’s actions — ordering his minions to deny all the elements of a transition to the president-elect, including access to intelligence and pandemic briefings, access to agencies to plan the next administration, access to the FBI to begin security clearances for incoming appointees — are not just wrongheaded, they are dangerous to the security and health of the American people.
Biden's top unification task:Expose every ounce of Trump team wrongdoing, restore trust in government
The president’s moves to fire key officials, including those in charge of the safety of our nuclear stockpile and those in charge of our national security, suggest that the loyalty test — loyalty to the president and not to the Constitution — is going to be applied more often, hollowing out our pandemic teams and intelligence and defense capabilities, and leaving in charge a group of sycophants willing to do his bidding in his remaining weeks in office. The fact that he has not attended a meeting on the pandemic in months and has barely mentioned it as it explodes across the country is another sign of alarm.
Many say that Trump's refusal to agree to a peaceful and orderly concession is just a threat from a selfish man who can’t accept defeat. President-elect Biden calls Trump’s failure to concede an “embarrassment.” It is worse. When someone says they are planning their suicide, mental health professionals don’t call it a “cry for attention.” They hospitalize them immediately to prevent harm. When someone threatens homicide, violence or child abuse, we act swiftly to protect potential victims. It is naïve to consider the current acts of President Trump as childish tantrums and nothing more than fodder for late night comedians.
Signs of personality or mood disorder
To any first-year psychiatric resident, Trump’s sleepless nights filled with ranting tweets suggest irrational exuberance and lack of control, possibly a sign of a mood disorder called hypomania. His life-long history of disregard for others and deceit, if correct as reported, are characteristic of a personality disorder on the narcissistic and even sociopathic spectrum.
To be sure, definitive psychiatric diagnoses cannot be made without an in-person examination And certainly, psychiatric diagnoses themselves don’t make someone unfit to be president. But President Trump’s particular history and actions create a high index of suspicion for destructive mental processes which are putting the country and its safety and security in jeopardy.
Norman Ornstein:Donald Trump has lost to Joe Biden, what's next? The presidential transition from hell.
If we had a functioning Republican Party, this would be the time either to pressure the president to resign early and let Vice President Mike Pence handle the remainder of the term (with the promise of a pardon to sweeten the deal) or to invoke the 25th Amendment. At minimum, we would hope that key figures, like Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, House Republican Leader Kevin McCarthy and other senior officials, would act to embrace the reality of the election outcome and put constraints on Trump to stop destructive acts. Instead, they are enabling his worst instincts and behaviors.
But it is important to at least call it out for what it is. Whatever President Trump does leading up to Jan. 20 — whether it is reckless actions abroad or lawless and destructive acts of commission or omission at home — it should be clear that these are not normal nor acceptable actions by an American president.
Dr. Kenneth Paul Rosenberg is a psychiatrist affiliated with Weill Cornell Medical Center. His award-winning 2019 documentary "Bedlam" chronicles the roots of the broken mental health system in America and was shown on PBS' Independent Lens. Norman Ornstein (@normornstein) is a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute. His family foundation spearheaded "The Definition of Insanity," a 2020 PBS documentary on the criminal justice system and how it deals with those with serious mental illness.
The News And Times: Researchers find coronavirus was circulating in Italy earlier than thought – Reuters - 10:23 AM 11/16/2020 by noreply@blogger.com (Michael Novakhov (Mike Nova))
https://thenewsandtimes.blogspot.com/2020/11/researchers-find-coronavirus-was.html
Researchers find coronavirus was circulating in Italy earlier than thought – Reuters Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:54:39 +0000
Mike Nova 2 · The post-presidency of a con man – 9:59 AM 11/16/2020
“Trump Investigations” – Google News: Michelle Goldberg: The post-presidency of a con man – Salt Lake Tribune
The Pro-Israel Progressive Movement Notches a Win – BloombergQuint
Abu Dhabi’s Etihad Announces Direct Flights To Israel With Ad Featuring Second Temple – Haaretz.com
U.S., another country ‘pressuring Pakistan to recognize Israel,’ says PM Imran Khan – Haaretz.com
Researchers find coronavirus was circulating in Italy earlier than thought – Reuters
Pent-up global wish list of hopes, demands awaits Biden – ABC News
Moldova election: Pro-EU candidate Maia Sandu wins presidency
Russia Finds No Criminal Influence on Journalist’s Self-Immolation Death Kommersant – The Moscow Times
Putin informs Macron on stabilization of situation in Karabakh – Trend News Agency
Al Jazeera: How will Biden, who called Putin ‘soulless’, stand up to Russia? | KyivPost – Ukraine’s Global Voice – Kyiv Post
“Blessing in disguise: Putin says COVID border closures curbed drug smuggling into Russia – TASS
Arkady Rotenberg, Vladimir Putin’s Judo Sparring Partner, and His Complex, Multi-Million Dollar Divorce – The Daily Beast
Israeli Police: ‘Masks making it harder to identify suspects’
disinformation-election
The seven-hour itch: What the press is saying on November 16
Worldview: Asia-Pacific trading bloc, Peru unrest, and more global headlines
One million new COVID-19 cases confirmed in U.S. in past week
President-elect Biden preparing for first days in office despite Trump denials
NATO, acting US Pentagon chief discuss Afghanistan
Donald Trump | The Guardian: If this were happening in Turkey, wed call Trumps actions an attempted coup
Selected News Articles – This Page
Selected News Articles – On RSS Dog
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Mike Nova’s favorite articles on Inoreader |
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| “Trump Investigations” – Google News: Michelle Goldberg: The post-presidency of a con man – Salt Lake Tribune |
| Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:55:26 +0000 Michelle Goldberg: The post-presidency of a con man Salt Lake Tribune
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| The Pro-Israel Progressive Movement Notches a Win – BloombergQuint |
| Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:55:17 +0000 The Pro-Israel Progressive Movement Notches a Win BloombergQuint |
| Abu Dhabi’s Etihad Announces Direct Flights To Israel With Ad Featuring Second Temple – Haaretz.com |
| Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:55:03 +0000 Abu Dhabi’s Etihad Announces Direct Flights To Israel With Ad Featuring Second Temple Haaretz.com |
| U.S., another country ‘pressuring Pakistan to recognize Israel,’ says PM Imran Khan – Haaretz.com |
| Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:54:58 +0000 U.S., another country ‘pressuring Pakistan to recognize Israel,’ says PM Imran Khan Haaretz.com |
| Researchers find coronavirus was circulating in Italy earlier than thought – Reuters |
Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:54:39 +0000
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| Pent-up global wish list of hopes, demands awaits Biden – ABC News |
| Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:54:33 +0000 Pent-up global wish list of hopes, demands awaits Biden ABC News |
| Moldova election: Pro-EU candidate Maia Sandu wins presidency |
| Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:54:19 +0000 Maia Sandu, 48, is a former World Bank economist who favours closer ties with the European Union. |
| Russia Finds No Criminal Influence on Journalist’s Self-Immolation Death Kommersant – The Moscow Times |
| Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:53:24 +0000 Russia Finds No Criminal Influence on Journalist’s Self-Immolation Death Kommersant The Moscow Times |
| Putin informs Macron on stabilization of situation in Karabakh – Trend News Agency |
| Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:53:07 +0000 Putin informs Macron on stabilization of situation in Karabakh Trend News Agency |
| Al Jazeera: How will Biden, who called Putin ‘soulless’, stand up to Russia? | KyivPost – Ukraine’s Global Voice – Kyiv Post |
| Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:53:05 +0000 Al Jazeera: How will Biden, who called Putin ‘soulless’, stand up to Russia? | KyivPost – Ukraine’s Global Voice Kyiv Post |
| “ Blessing in disguise: Putin says COVID border closures curbed drug smuggling into Russia – TASS |
| Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:52:58 +0000 Blessing in disguise: Putin says COVID border closures curbed drug smuggling into Russia TASS |
| Arkady Rotenberg, Vladimir Putin’s Judo Sparring Partner, and His Complex, Multi-Million Dollar Divorce – The Daily Beast |
| Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:52:48 +0000 Arkady Rotenberg, Vladimir Putin’s Judo Sparring Partner, and His Complex, Multi-Million Dollar Divorce The Daily Beast |
| Israeli Police: ‘Masks making it harder to identify suspects’ |
| Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:52:39 +0000 Micky Rosenfeld, Spokesperson for the Israel Police, says tactics are changing amidst the coronavirus outbreak. Get t
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| disinformation-election |
| Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:52:32 +0000 Monday: Our colleagues in the technology bureau help us understand the proliferation of misinformation about the election playing out. |
| The seven-hour itch: What the press is saying on November 16 |
Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:52:20 +0000 A long meeting on the virus lockdown exit with no results has everybody fuming and sniping at each other, and that only scratches the surface of the frustration in the air |
| Worldview: Asia-Pacific trading bloc, Peru unrest, and more global headlines |
| Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:52:06 +0000 15 Asia-Pacific countries have joined the world’s largest trade bloc, excluding the U.S. Peru’s interim president steps down, leaving the office vacant. The leaders of Mexico, Russia and Brazil have not yet acknowledged Joe Biden’s election victory. CBS News foreign correspondent Ian Lee joins CBSN from London with a selection of international headlines. |
| One million new COVID-19 cases confirmed in U.S. in past week |
| Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:52:00 +0000 COVID-19 is surging across the country, with the U.S. recording another one million new confirmed cases in just the past week. As the virus shows no signs of slowing down and the economic toll deepens, President Trump spent Sunday playing golf for the second straight weekend. CBS News White House correspondent Weijia Jiang joined CBSN AM with the latest. |
| President-elect Biden preparing for first days in office despite Trump denials |
| Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:51:57 +0000 White House officials refuse to meet with President-elect Joe Biden or assist his transition team, as President Trump continues to push unfounded claims of voter fraud. But Biden is still moving forward with plans to deal with the pandemic, economy, immigration and climate change. CBS News’ Michael George reports on the latest, and then CBS News correspondent Nikole Killion joins CBSN’s Lana Zak to discuss where things stand. |
| NATO, acting US Pentagon chief discuss Afghanistan |
Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:51:50 +0000 NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg has spoken to the new acting U.S. defense secretary about the alliances commitment to stay in Afghanistan as long as necessary, his spokeswoman said Monday |
| 1. Trump from Michael_Novakhov (197 sites): Donald Trump | The Guardian: If this were happening in Turkey, wed call Trumps actions an attempted coup | Ece Temelkuran |
| Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:51:28 +0000 Coming from an illiberal democracy, I recognise what the US president is doing by prolonging political instability President Trumps refusal to concede to his successful challenger is giving great comfort to authoritarian regimes around the world, said Joe Bidens biographer on CNN. This is a source of delight [for them] Turkey, my country, falls into that category of authoritarian regimes. But I can tell you that what is happening in the US is a source of horror, not delight, for those on the ground. We know the signs of when a political crisis becomes a de facto coup so heres a word of warning. Never mind the bitter jokes on social media (America is faster at choosing other countries presidents), the celebrations of Trumps defeat across the world are filled with the expectation of a domino effect. The cheer doesnt come from some belief that the US is the guiding light of democracy. What people want to believe is that when Trump goes, the mafioso network of 21st-century strongmen will be hit hard, and the world will be able to reverse the course of recent history. But things dont appear to be that simple. Related: Donald Trump has lost the election yet Trumpland is here to stay | Aditya Chakrabortty
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The News And Times: Audio Posts - Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks℠ - michaelnovakhov-sharednewslinks.com - 11:37 AM 11/16/2020 by noreply@blogger.com (Michael Novakhov (Mike Nova))
Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks℠ - michaelnovakhov-sharednewslinks.com - 11:37 AM 11/16/2020
Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks℠ - michaelnovakhov-sharednewslinks.comShared Links – Posts Review – michaelnovakhov-sharednewslinks.com | On RSS Dog | In Brief
| Michael Novakhov SharedNewsLinks michaelnovakhov-sharednewslinks.com |
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| Researchers find coronavirus was circulating in Italy earlier than thought 10:46 AM 11/16/2020 |
| Mon, 16 Nov 2020 15:29:05 +0000 Mike Nova 2 · Researchers find coronavirus was circulating in Italy earlier than thought 10:46 AM 11/16/2020 ______________________________________________ Researchers find coronavirus was circulating in Italy earlier than thought 10:46 AM 11/16/2020 Michael_Novakhov shared this story . ROME (Reuters) – The new coronavirus was circulating in Italy in September 2019, a study by […] The post Researchers find coronavirus was circulating in Italy earlier than thought - 10:46 AM 11/16/2020 first appeared on Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks - michaelnovakhov-sharednewslinks.com. |
| Researchers find coronavirus was circulating in Italy earlier than thought Reuters | The post-presidency of a con man 9:59 AM 11/16/2020 | The News And Times Blogs Network newsandtimes.net |
| Mon, 16 Nov 2020 15:18:25 +0000 Michael_Novakhov shared this story from The News And Times Blogs Network newsandtimes.net. Researchers find coronavirus was circulating in Italy earlier than thought Reuters Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:54:39 +0000 Audio Preview Mike Nova 2 · The post-presidency of a con man 9:59 AM 11/16/2020 ________________________________________________ Trump Investigations Google News: Michelle Goldberg: […] The post Researchers find coronavirus was circulating in Italy earlier than thought Reuters | The post-presidency of a con man 9:59 AM 11/16/2020 | The News And Times Blogs Network - newsandtimes.net first appeared on Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks - michaelnovakhov-sharednewslinks.com. |
| Kalbajar: Russian troops guard Armenian monastery | DW News latest news and breaking stories | DW |
| Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:41:24 +0000 Michael_Novakhov shared this story . Save this story The post Kalbajar: Russian troops guard Armenian monastery | DW News - latest news and breaking stories | DW first appeared on Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks - michaelnovakhov-sharednewslinks.com. |
| UKs Prince Charles praises friendship with Germany during Berlin visit | News | DW |
| Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:32:00 +0000 Michael_Novakhov shared this story . The UK’s Prince Charles and his wife Camilla met with German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier in Berlin on Sunday, with the heir to the British throne taking part in commemorations for Germany’s Day of Mourning (Volkstrauertag). Charles also addressed German lawmakers in a speech delivered partly in German. “The United Kingdom had chosen a […] The post UKs Prince Charles praises friendship with Germany during Berlin visit | News | DW first appeared on Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks - michaelnovakhov-sharednewslinks.com. |
| 8:22 AM 11/16/2020 Headlines Review: Happy #Diwali (whatever it is)! |
| Mon, 16 Nov 2020 14:21:00 +0000 Michael_Novakhov shared this story from The News And Times. https://thenewsandtimes.blogspot.com/2020/11/822-am-11162020-headlines-review-happy.html 8:22 AM 11/16/2020 Headlines Review: Happy #Diwali (whatever it is)! Audio Preview Mike Nova 2 · 8:22 AM 11/16/2020 Headlines Review: Happy #Diwali (whatever it is)! |
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