Почему партия Зеленского может проиграть на предстоящих выборах? - 7:29 AM 9/15/2020 - Saved Stories - News Reviews
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7:29 AM 9/15/2020 - Saved Stories - News Reviews
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Saved Stories - News Reviews  |
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| The National Interest: Boom: Six of the Largest Nuclear Bomb Tests of All Time |
Zachary Keck Security, World  Not all nuclear tests are created equal.Here's What You Need To Remember: With better targeting and accuracyalong with some countries like the United States adopting counterforce rather than countervalue doctrinesgigantic nuclear yields like Castle Bravo and Tsar Bomba are no longer needed and probably never were. Today the most powerful American nuclear warhead is believed to be the B83, with a yield of 1.2 Mt. Even that bomb is in the process of being retired. These days, the phrase nuclear test is almost synonymous with North Korea. After all, Pyongyang has conducted several nuclear tests since its first one in 2006. No other country has conducted a single test this century. In the grand scheme of things, however, North Korea is barely a blimp on the map. Between Americas first nuclear test in 1945 and North Koreas last denotation in September of last year, the world has witnessed at least 2,056 nuclear tests. Nearly 85 percent of these were conducted by the United States and the Soviet Union, but the three other recognized nuclear powers (the United Kingdom, France and China) have also conducted a significant amount of their own. Israel has never officially tested a nuclear weapon, although there is strong evidence that it secretly tested some in South Africa in 1979. India conducted a peaceful nuclear explosion in 1974, followed by a series of five nuclear blasts in May 1998. Later that same month, Pakistan responded with six nuclear tests on two seperate days. Not all nuclear tests are created equal though. Some blasts produce yields of tens or hundreds of tons of TNT equivalent, while others have measured in the tens of megatons (a megaton is equal to a million of tons). Variance is greatest among the two Cold War superpowers, but the United Kingdom, France, China and North Korea have also had some significantly different yields in their nuclear tests. With that in mind, lets look at the biggest nuclear blasts of each of these countries. The United States The United States has the distinction of both conducting the first and most nuclear weapons tests in history. Washington memorably conducted its first nuclear test, the Trinity, in the New Mexico desert on July 16, 1945. Upon witnessing the blast, which measured in at twenty kilotons (20,000 tons of TNT equivalent), Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer famously declared, Now I am become death, destroyer of worlds. America was just getting started. Between the 1945 and 1992, the United States conducted 1,030 nuclear tests, nearly half of the worlds total. Its largest one came just nine years after the Trinity test on March 1, 1954 at the Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands. The Castle Bravo design used was intended to be the first deliverable thermonuclear weapon after the United States had first tested a hydrogen bomb in 1952. Castle Bravo turned into a major catastrophe. While the designers were expecting a yield in the range of 56 megatons, the resulting blast was an incredible fifteen megatons. That is roughly 1,000 times more powerful than the bombs used against Japan in World War II. The resulting fallout quickly turned into an international disaster for the United States, as the radiation spread out over roughly 7,000 square miles, according to some sources. Perhaps most notably, a Japanese fishing boat, Lucky Dragon No. 5, happened to be in the area and twenty-three of its crew members would die in short order due to radiation poisoning. The test also brought the danger of the nuclear era into sharp relief for United States and other world policymakers. After the test, President Dwight D. Eisenhowers science advisers superimposed the fallout patterns of the Castle Bravo test on a map with Washington, DC as ground zero. The results were shocking. As Annie Jacobsen recounts in her fantastic book on the history of DARPA: If ground zero had been Washington, D.C. every resident of the greater Washington-Baltimore area would now be dead. Even in Philadelphia, 150 miles away, the majority of inhabitants would have been exposed to radiation levels that would have killed them within the hour. In New York City, 225 miles north, half of the population would have died by nightfall. All the way to the Canadian border, inhabitants would have been exposed to 100 roentgens or more, their suffering similar to what the fisherman on the Lucky Dragon had endured. Soviet Union The Soviet Union didnt conduct the first or the most nuclear tests. In total, the Soviet Union oversaw 715 tests compared to America's 1,030. Where Moscow did outdo Washington was in the size of its tests. In fact, of the five largest nuclear blasts in history, all were conducted by the Soviet Union. None bigger than Tsar Bomba. On October 30, 1961, a specially modified Tu-95 bomber took off carrying a bomb that was twenty-six feet long and seven feet wide, weighing in at twenty-seven tons. After the bomber dropped Tsar Bomba, it floated down on a one-ton parachute before detonating at 13,000 feet above the ground. The resulting explosion produced a yield of fifty-seven megatons, which was 10 times more powerful than all the munitions expended during World War Two. As the BBC would later report, The flash could be seen from 1,000 km (630 miles) away. The bombs mushroom cloud soared to 64 km (40 miles) high, with its cap spreading outwards until it stretched nearly 100 km (63 miles) from end to end. According to some accounts, the blast broke windows that were 560 miles away. Britain The United Kingdom was the third country to join the nuclear club, detonating its first atomic bomb on October 3, 1952. Britain was the first of the secondary nuclear powers, all of which displayed noticeably different nuclear habits than the superpowers. For one thing, Britain and the other countries (France, China, India, Pakistan and Israel) had much smaller arsenals than the United States or Soviet Union. The secondary nuclear countries also didnt conduct as many nuclear tests as Washington and Moscow. For its part, Britain conducted forty-five nuclear tests between 1952 and 1991. At first, London tested nuclear devices on its own. Starting in 1961, its nuclear tests were done jointly with the United States. Washington refused to cooperate with the United Kingdom on most nuclear issues until Britain had demonstrated its ability to build hydrogen weapons. London started testing thermonuclear bombs in 1957 but initial designs didnt produce the expected yield. The first successful hydrogen bomb test occured in November 1957 but Britains largest thermonuclear bomb test proved to be Grapple Y in November 1958. It produced a yield of three megatons. France France was the fourth country to test a nuclear weapon on February 13, 1960. As noted above, Frances nuclear habits were far closer to Britain than the superpowers. Where France differed from England was in not establishing as close of relations with the United States in the nuclear realm. Ultimately, France conducted 210 nuclear tests between 1960 and 1996. Although it beat China to the atomic club, Beijing actually detonated a hydrogen bomb before Paris, which greatly upset Charles de Gaulle. Unlike Britain, Frances first hydrogen bomb test was successful. As Robert S. Norris has put it: France exploded its first two-stage thermonuclear device on August 24, 1968.... Code-named Canopus, this first thermonuclear test was also France's largest known explosion, at 2.6 Mt. China China broke the Western monopoly on nuclear weapons when it exploded an atomic bomb on October 16, 1964 at the Lop Nur test site. In less than three years, on June 17, 1967, Beijing claimed it had conducted a thermonuclear test. This was the fastest any country went from exploding its first atomic bomb to its first hydrogen one, and the latter produced a yield of 3.3 Mt. China never went much higher than that in other nuclear tests. The one exception was in 1976, when China detonated an air-dropped bomb with a four-megaton yield. Overall, Beijing would conduct forty-five nuclear teststhe same number as Britainbetween 1964 and 1996. North Korea Of course, North Korea is the most recent country to join the nuclear club after exploding its first atomic bomb in 2006. That first test produced a yield of at most two kilotons. Pyongyangs first four nuclear tests did not reach a twenty-kiloton-yield, but its fifth one might have gone as high as twenty-five kilotons. Its most recent nuclear test was quite clearly its most powerful. Its exact yield is still a matter of dispute, with estimates ranging from 100250 kt. There are also differing opinions about whether North Korea tested a hydrogen bombas Pyongyang itself claimsor rather a boosted fission bomb. Since this test, in 2017, North Korea claimed once again to have tested a hydrogen bomb. Conclusion The mammoth nuclear bombs that the United States and Soviet Union tested in the beginning of the Cold War are likely to remain a relic of the past. At that time, nuclear strategy was still in its infancy, and largely predicated on targeting cities. Moreover, as the second World War had shown, accuracy from planes was absolutely horrendous (the same was true for early missiles), meaning an enormous blast was required to take out any specific targets. With better targeting and accuracyalong with some countries like the United States adopting counterforce rather than countervalue doctrinesgigantic nuclear yields like Castle Bravo and Tsar Bomba are no longer needed and probably never were. Today the most powerful American nuclear warhead is believed to be the B83, with a yield of 1.2 Mt. Even that bomb is in the process of being retired. Zachary Keck (@ZacharyKeck) is a former managing editor of The National Interest. This article first appeared in 2018. Image: Wikimedia Commons. |
| NPR News Now: NPR News: 09-15-2020 4AM ET |
NPR News: 09-15-2020 4AM ET Download audio: https://play.podtrac.com/npr-500005/edge1.pod.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/newscasts/2020/09/15/newscast040814.mp3?awCollectionId=500005&awEpisodeId=912995836&orgId=1&d=300&p=500005&story=912995836&t=podcast&e=912995836&size=4500000&ft=pod&f=500005 |
| skynews's YouTube Videos: Where does Trumps Arab-Israeli deal leave the Palestinians? |
The deal between Israel and Gulf Arab nations - the UAE and Bahrain - is being hailed as a game-changing moment for the region. Brokered by US President Donald Trump, it does represent a huge shift in regional relations with huge prospects for trade, commerce, tourism and a strengthened alliance against Iran. But where does it leave the issue at the heart of the conflict? Is it a pathway to peace for the Israel-Palestine conflict? Sky News videos are now available in Spanish here/Los video de Sky News están disponibles en español aquí https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzG5BnqHO8oNlrPDW9CYJog SUBSCRIBE to our YouTube channel for more videos: http://www.youtube.com/skynews Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/skynews and https://twitter.com/skynewsbreak Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/skynews Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/skynews For more content go to http://news.sky.com and download our apps: Apple https://itunes.apple.com/gb/app/sky-news/id316391924?mt=8 Android https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.bskyb.skynews.android&hl=en_GB  |
| Euronews's YouTube Videos: West coast wildfires: Trump dismisses climate change concerns during California visit |
Latests news : http://bit.ly/EuronewsTopStories Follow us on our thematic channels: Follow us on all platforms and on all devices: https://www.euronews.com/follow-us  |
| Stars and Stripes: China sends two aircraft carriers to sea as US conducts large-scale drills off Guam |
Chinas navy hit a milestone this month, sending two aircraft carriers to sea at the same time, according to state-controlled media.       |
| Euronews's YouTube Videos: West coast wildfires: Over 60 fires are burning in US states of California and Oregon |
Follow us on our thematic channels: Follow us on all platforms and on all devices: https://www.euronews.com/follow-us  |
| Euronews's YouTube Videos: #TheCube Misinformation surges amid West Coast fires |
Latests news : http://bit.ly/EuronewsTopStories Follow us on our thematic channels: Follow us on all platforms and on all devices: https://www.euronews.com/follow-us  |
| Euronews's YouTube Videos: Bahrain-Israel relations: Oman welcomes Bahrain's decision to normalize relations with Israël |
Latests news : http://bit.ly/EuronewsTopStories Follow us on our thematic channels: Follow us on all platforms and on all devices: https://www.euronews.com/follow-us  |
| 1. Trump from Michael_Novakhov (197 sites): "michael flynn" - Google News: Esper promised more diversity at the Pentagon. The White House had other ideas. - Politico |
Esper promised more diversity at the Pentagon. The White House had other ideas. Politico |
| "Trump Investigations" - Google News: Trump 'peace' deals for Israel, UAE and Bahrain are shams. They boost oppression, not amity. - NBCNews.com |
Trump 'peace' deals for Israel, UAE and Bahrain are shams. They boost oppression, not amity. NBCNews.com |
| "cia" - Google News: He Hunted Bin Laden for CIA. Now He Wants Americans Dead. - Daily Beast |
He Hunted Bin Laden for CIA. Now He Wants Americans Dead. Daily Beast |
| 1. World from Michael_Novakhov (27 sites): FOX News: Anti-Trump protester climbs police vehicle, gets tossed off: video |
Sacramento protester removed by ambulance after incident   |
| Stars and Stripes: Navy pushing for $580 million for large unmanned ships to diversify fleet, report says |
The Navy could swap out some traditional ships with crewless vessels, according to a recent Congressional Research Service report.    |
| 1. Trump from Michael_Novakhov (197 sites): "trump anxiety" - Google News: Top health official accused of politicizing US mental health agency - STAT |
Top health official accused of politicizing US mental health agency STAT |
| Donald Trump: Late Night Hosts Wallop 'One Man Super Spreader' Trump After Indoor Nevada Rally |
Seth Meyers, Trevor Noah and Stephen Colbert blasted the president's reckless event.  |
| The National Interest: Study: Googling for Gastrointestinal Symptoms Can Predict Coronavirus Hot Spots |
Ethen Kim Lieser Health, Americas  It turns out that the coronavirus can cause GI issues that folks try to find information about online.Internet searches for gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms have been shown to predict an increase in coronavirus cases weeks latera finding that eventually could be utilized as a novel early-warning system for the ongoing pandemics hot spots across the country, according to a new study by Massachusetts General Hospital. The research, published in the journal Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, compared search interest of well-known coronavirus symptoms, such as loss of taste and appetite and diarrhea, with the reported incidence of coronavirus infections in fifteen states from January 20 to April 20. The study then tapped into Alphabet Inc.s Google Trends online tool to pinpoint strong correlations between searches and confirmed cases in New York, New Jersey, California, Massachusetts, and Illinois. All of these states witnessed elevated case numbers three to four weeks later. A similar approach was undertaken to monitor influenza trends more than a decade ago. Our data underscore the importance of GI symptoms as a potential harbinger of COVID-19 infection and suggests that Google Trends may be a valuable tool for prediction of pandemics with GI manifestations, Kyle Staller, a gastroenterologist and the director of Massachusetts General Hospitals gastrointestinal motility laboratory, and colleagues wrote in the study. The researchers noted that they would eventually like to have more specific data on search results, such as demographics, occupational factors, or Internet use patterns. While our study provides information about popular search terms and their relationship to incidence, it is important to note that the relative nature of Google Trends data does not allow for defining specific increased interest thresholds, the study said. In another unique effort to predict coronavirus hot spots, scientists have started testing for traces of coronavirus in wastewater. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in partnership with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and other federal government agencies, is working with state, local, territorial, and tribal health departments to collect coronavirus-related data on sewage samples. The initiative, called the National Wastewater Surveillance System, or NWSS, according to the CDCs updated guidance, aims to identify the novel coronavirus before it can spread rapidly in local communities. The reach has the potential to be immense, as an estimated 80% of all U.S. households are connected to a municipal sewage system. The CDC noted that this endeavor isnt intended to replace traditional clinical testing, but it could help certain areas where tests for the contagion are underutilized or unavailable. Ethen Kim Lieser is a Minneapolis-based Science and Tech Editor who has held posts at Google, The Korea Herald, Lincoln Journal Star, AsianWeek and Arirang TV. Follow or contact him on LinkedIn. Image: Reuters |
| "fbi reform" - Google News: The Great Crime Decline Is Stalled Out - Washington Free Beacon |
The Great Crime Decline Is Stalled Out Washington Free Beacon |
| "Russian elites" - Google News: Why Trump won't disavow QAnon's dangerous antisemitic lunacy - Haaretz.com |
Why Trump won't disavow QAnon's dangerous antisemitic lunacy Haaretz.com |
| "fbi" - Google News: Dannehy joins Justice honor roll by resigning from politicized Durham FBI Russia probe - USA TODAY |
Dannehy joins Justice honor roll by resigning from politicized Durham FBI Russia probe USA TODAY |
| 1. World from Michael_Novakhov (27 sites): FOX News: Trump warns Iran after reports country is considering retaliatory attack |
| "Trump Investigations" - Google News: House Dems investigating Pompeo, wife to face off with senior State Dept. officials - ABC News |
House Dems investigating Pompeo, wife to face off with senior State Dept. officials ABC News |
| ReutersVideo's YouTube Videos: Sensing opportunity, Trump courts Latino voters in key state of Arizona |
President Donald Trump on Monday intensified his efforts to win over Latino voters as polls show their support increasingly up for grabs ahead of the November presidential election - a flashing warning light for Democrat Joe Bidens campaign. Subscribe: http://smarturl.it/reuterssubscribe Reuters brings you the latest business, finance and breaking news video from around the globe. Our reputation for accuracy and impartiality is unparalleled. Get the latest news on: http://reuters.com/  |
| "trump putin" - Google News: Trump explains why he loves Putin, Kim, Erdogan, Duterte: The tougher, meaner they are, the better - Politiko |
Trump explains why he loves Putin, Kim, Erdogan, Duterte: The tougher, meaner they are, the better Politiko |
| 1. World from Michael_Novakhov (27 sites): Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty: Russia Reopens De Facto Border With Georgia's Breakaway Region Of South Ossetia |
Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin has signed a decree on reopening the de facto border with Georgia's breakaway region of South Ossetia.  |
| BBCRussian's YouTube Videos: «Слуга народа» теряет рейтинг. Почему партия Зеленского может проиграть на предстоящих выборах? |
На Украине вовсю идет избирательная кампания. В октябре там будут выбирать представителей в местные органы власти. Но уже сейчас многие политологи говорят о грядущем провале партии президента Зеленского «Слуга народа». Подписывайтесь на наш канал: https://www.youtube.com/bbcrussian Русская служба Би-би-си: Мы в соцсетях: Instagram: https://instagram.com/bbcrussian Подкасты Русской службы Би-би-си: https://bbc.in/2YumUTl Скачивайте приложение Русской службы Би-би-си: App Store: https://apple.co/2KWOeX0 Комментарии к видео проходят модерацию. Мы оставляем за собой право удалять те комментарии, которые содержат оскорбления, призывы к насилию, клевету, ругательства, рекламу или спам. К сожалению, у нас нет возможности модерировать комментарии в режиме реального времени, поэтому ваш комментарий будет опубликован не сразу. Спасибо за понимание!  |
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